This modified version of the translated sf 36 was then used in a twophasedstudy between 1999 and 2000. There are numerous such surveys available, one of which is the physical functioning scale pfs of the 36item short form health survey sf36. Sf36 scales abbreviation number of items in scale maximum number of items imputed physical health physical functioning pf 10 5 role physical rp 4 2 bodily pain bp 2 1. Sf36 introduction the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions1.
The physical functioning pf domain of the established and widely used short form 36 sf 36 questionnaire asks about limitations on ten mobility activities. Each item is scored on the basis of the limitations perceived by surveyed individuals. Ware and sherbourne give an extended description of the origins of the sf 36 and of its links with the other mos instruments 1. Answer every question by marking the answer as indicated.
When looking at the keyword sf 36, more than 4000 articles are found. The tscores are a linear transformation of the 0100 possible range scoring for the sf 36 vr12 scales that gives every scale a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10, normed to the us general population. Our data indicate that the oswestry disability questionnaire, the sf36 physical functioning scale, and the quebec back pain disability scale have sufficient reliability and scale width to be applied in an ambulatory clinical population with low back problems. The sf36 consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section.
It consists of 12 questions regarding the frequency and duration of leisure activity e. The sf36 is a generic, 36item questionnaire that measures 8 healthrelated domainsphysical functioning, rolephysical role limitations. The short form 36 sf 36 health questionnaire has been put forward. A 36item shortform sf36 was constructed to survey health status in the medical outcomes study. It yields an 8 scale profile including functional health, and mental health. It is measured with different instruments that are not directly comparable, making comparative effectiveness research cer challenging when pf is the outcome of interest. The sf36 and whoqol100 quality of life instruments were used in this study.
Transformed scaled score of subjects physical functioning physical functioning pf scale items, as part of version 2. It yields an 8scale profile including functional health, and mental health. Two hundred and twentythree adolescents and adults with cf completed the sf 36 with a further 185 approached and not responding by noncompletion of the questionnaire. Physical functioning subdomain role functioning physical subdomain. The scoring system developed for the physical functioning scale pf10, used in both the 149 item medical outcomes study mos functioning and wellbeing profile 2 and the sf36 health survey 3. Each scale reportedly provides a valid representation of the criterion to be measured ware, 1993. In an ms population, the cronbachs alphas for the various subscales of the sf 36 range from. The sf36 scales are not accurately summarised by independent. The sf36 is a 36 item scale, which measures eight domains of health status. Internal consistency and validity with older adults there is a needto characterize the physical functioning of older adults.
The scales were evaluated by comparing the scores of a cohort of 194 ms patients with general population data and using the expanded disability status scale edss and the incapacity status scalemental as criterion variables for physical functioning and mental health. In an ms population, the cronbachs alphas for the various subscales of the sf36 range from. Administration and scoring provides instructions for deriving a physical component summary scale and a mental component summary scale from the 36 items making up the sf36. Performance of the sf36, sf12, and rand36 summary scales.
Set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. Raczek, ab crosssectional data from the medical outcomes study mos were analyzed to test the validity of the mos 36 item shortform health survey sf 36 scales as measures of. For the pf sub scale items, the factor analysis produced eigenvalues of 7. Physical functioning was determined following the methodology of the physical functioning scale of the sf36 health survey. The sf 36 and sf 12 summary scores were derived using an uncorrelated orthogonal factor solution. Short form 36 sf36 spinal cord injury research evidence. The sf 36 is an indicator of overall health status. Numerous scales exist for the measurement of disability but often these do not permit comparisons between study groups. Request pdf physical functioning scale of the shortform sf 36. Scoring algorithm for the two subscales that can be derived from the sf 36. Although there are a variety of qol instruments available, one of the most commonly used is the 36 item shortform health survey sf 36. Jun 05, 20 theoriginal sf 36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos, done by the rand corporation.
The msqli forms a comprehensive but relatively brief assessment package consisting of 8. Development and evaluation of a crosswalk between the sf36 physical functioning scale and health assessment questionnaire disability index in rheumatoid arthritis. The sf36 includes multiitem scales to measure the following 8. The sf 36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with 36 items. There is considerable evidence for the validity of the sf36 in a variety of populations including ms. The sf36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf6d, is commonly used in health. Evaluation of the mos sf36 physical functioning scale pf40.
A closer examination of the sf36 mean change scores revealed less variation between the normative sf36 scores and the scores at follow up compared to the baseline score. Clinical studies 36 item medical outcomes study shortform general health survey an instrument used to assess multidimensional healthrelated qol, which measures 8 health related parameters. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health survey sf 36 about. This information will help keep track of how you feel and how well you are able to do your usual activities. Sf36 questionnaire was administered to respondents. Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for. We estimate sf 36 and sf 12 summary scores using a correlated oblique physical and mental health factor model. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs colleen a. Behavior and analysis of 36item shortform health survey.
Pdf development and evaluation of a crosswalk between. Correlation of the sf36 physical summary is moderate with the behavioural risk factor surveillance system items pearsons r0. A 1point lower score on selected shortform 36 health survey scales is associated with. Each of the 8 scale measures are available as both a raw score and a tscore for all mhos eras sf36 and vr12. The sf 36 has been linked to utilization of health care services, clinical course of depression and fiveyear survival ware, j. It yields an 8 scale profile of functional health and wellbeing scores as well as psychometricallybased physical and mental health summary scores and a preferencebased health utility index. Sf 36 scales abbreviation number of items in scale maximum number of items imputed physical health physical functioning pf 10 5 role physical rp 4 2 bodily pain bp 2 1. The tscores are a linear transformation of the 0100 possible range scoring. Item response theory irt methods were used to cocalibrate both.
Establishing a common metric for physical function. The scales were evaluated by comparing the scores of a cohort of 194 ms patients with general population. Hypothesis data from the 36item shortform health survey sf36 do not follow a normal distribution and should not be analyzed using parametric techniques. It is comprised of 36 items that assess eight health concepts. Sf36 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. Jan 12, 2009 improved sf36 onlysf36 modified the interpretation of only two trials. The scoring of pcs and mcs involves negative weights for some scales. The sf12 measures eight attributes of functional health status. The sf 36 pf and the bi both had excellent internal consistency with alphas. Cut down the amount of time you spent on work or other activities yes no accomplished less than you would like yes no were limited in the kind of work or other. Physical activity scale for the elderly rehabmeasures. An analysis of the sf36 physical function subscale and. A prospective repeated measures design was used to produce a backspecific version of the short form36 physical functioning scale sf36 pf by rasch analysis of a pool of items from the sf36 pf.
Objective to determine how often health surveys and quality of life evaluations reach different conclusions from those of primary efficacy outcomes and whether discordant results make a. Administration and scoring provides instructions for deriving a physical component summary scale and a mental component summary scale from the 36 items making up the sf 36. Jul 04, 2005 as a separate analysis, achieving 90% of prestroke physical functioning, as measured by the sf 36 pf scale, was also examined using the cox proportional hazards regression model. The sf 36 and rand 36 include the same set of items that were developed in the. Multiple regression analysis identified the best model for predicting functional outcomes in this population. A prospective repeated measures design was used to produce a backspecific version of the short form 36 physical functioning scale sf 36 pf by rasch analysis of a pool of items from the sf 36 pf. Theoriginal sf36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos, done by the rand corporation. Sf36 quality of life scale the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions. The names of the scales, scale abbreviations, the number of items included in each and the maximum number of items imputed are shown below. Benchmarks for interpretation of score differences on the sf36.
An analysis of the sf36 physical function subscale and the. Reproducibility and validity of the physical activity scale for the elderly pase questionnaire in patients after total hip arthroplasty. Demographic and socioeconomic variables key points introduction the sf36 is a standardised questionnaire derived from a larger set of questions used in the us medical outcomes study in the mid1980s ware and sherbourne 1992. International quality of life assessment the sf instruments. Physical activity scale for the elderly rehabmeasures database.
Estimates of reliability in the physical and mental sections are typically above 0. Comparison of 2 qualityoflife questionnaires in women treated. Mobility disability is a major problem in older people. This set of questions asks for your views about your health. Evaluation of the mos sf36 physical functioning scale pf. Since then a group of researchers from the original study released a commercial version.
The current work assesses the properties of the short form 36item sf36 questionnaire in a british sample of adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis cf. Development and evaluation of a crosswalk between the sf36. The rand36 measure of healthrelated quality of life rand. Criterion validity is presented in the sf 36 manual for all dimensions except vitality and social functioning. The sf 36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf 6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment.
Differential item functioning in the sf36 physical. In phase i, the malay version of the sf 36 was administered to asthmatics at six government hospitals from different regions ofthe country. Nov 15, 20 the sf 36 physical functioning scale pf10 and the health assessment questionnaire disability index haqdi are the most frequently used instruments for measuring selfreported physical function in rheumatoid arthritis ra. The short form 36 health status questionnaire sf36 has eight scales that can be condensed into two components. The objective of this study was to develop a crosswalk between scores on the pf10 and haqdi in ra. Physical functioning pf role physical rp bodily pain bp physical general health gh vitality vt. The pase measures the level of selfreported physical activity in individuals aged 65 years or older and is comprised of items regarding occupational, household, and leisure activities during the previous 7day period. It is measured with different instruments that are not directly comparable, making comparative. This model was chosen so that patients who died or were lost to followup before achieving favorable outcomes were accounted for and censored at the time of their last. Physical functioning pf and social functioning sf also had substantial ceiling effects. Reporting and interpretation of sf36 outcomes in randomised. This study explored the usefulness of a generic health assessment tool sf36 in measuring perceived. The short form 36 health survey is a 36 item, patientreported survey of patient health. Neither scale correlated with any demographic variables.
Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health survey sf36 about. Once again, a medline search of these journals using the keyword sf 36 yielded 92 articles. The current work assesses the properties of the short form 36 item sf 36 questionnaire in a british sample of adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis cf. Mhpsychisches wohlbefinden, pcsphysical health component summary score. Development and evaluation of a crosswalk between the sf. Percentage distribution of item responses on the sf36 physical functioning and mental health sub scale items in the canadian multicentre osteoporosis study. Clinical studies 36item medical outcomes study shortform general health survey an instrument used to assess multidimensional healthrelated qol, which measures 8 health related parameters.
The short form 36 health status questionnaire sf 36 has eight scales that can be condensed into two components. The scoring system developed for the physical functioning scale pf10, used in both the 149 item medical outcomes study mos functioning and wellbeing profile 2 and the sf 36 health survey 3, is a likert summated rating scale approach 4 in which the total physical functioning score is determined by a simple algebraic sum of the ten. The rand 36 is perhaps the most widely used healthrelated quality of life hrqol survey instrument in the world today. The physical functioning pf domain of the established and widely used short form36 sf36 questionnaire asks about limitations on ten mobility activities. Comparison of sf36 and whoqol100 in patients with stroke. Validation of the sf36 for the assessment of quality of life. A closer examination of the sf36 mean change scores revealed less variation between. The sf 36 includes multiitem scales to measure the following 8 dimensions the question numbers refer to those in exhibit 10. Rand sf36 in word or as adobe acrobat as part of the medical outcomes study mos a multiyear, multisite study to explain variations in patient outcomes rand developed the 36item short form health survey sf36. The sf36 physical functioning scale pf10 and the health assessment questionnaire disability index haqdi are the most frequently used instruments for measuring selfreported.
Physical function pf is a common health concept measured in clinical trials and clinical care. We administered the sf 36 to 7,093 patients who received medical care from an independent association of 48 physician groups in the western united states. Imputing the physical and mental summary scores pcs and mcs for the mos sf36 and the veterans sf36 health survey in the presence of missing data pdf, 664 kb 2004 rogers wh, qian s and kazis. Both scores correlated significantly with gcs sf 36pf r. It yields an 8scale profile of functional health and wellbeing scores as well as psychometricallybased physical and mental health. The rand36 is perhaps the most widely used healthrelated quality of life hrqol survey instrument in the world today. During the past 4 weeks, have you had any of the following problems with your work or other regular daily activities as a result of your physical health.
Each of the 8 scale measures are available as both a raw score and a tscore for all mhos eras sf 36 and vr12. Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for the. Since then a group of researchers from the original study released a commercial version of sf 36while the original sf 36 is available in public domain license free from rand. May 20, 2015 physical function pf is a common health concept measured in clinical trials and clinical care. The sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with 36 items. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health. T score of subjects role limitations due to physical health rolephysical rp scale items, as part of version 2. Sf36 health survey the sf36 is a multipurpose, 36item survey that measures eight domains of health. As a separate analysis, achieving 90% of prestroke physical functioning, as measured by the sf36 pf scale, was also examined using the cox proportional hazards regression model. Our goal was to establish a common reporting metric, so that scores on commonly used physical function measures can be.
The malaysian context distribution, with the peaks at the mmlmum. The 36item short form health survey is a brief self administered questionnaire that generates scores across eight dimensions of health. Validation of the sf36 for the assessment of quality of. Health status questionnaire sf36 national multiple. The sf36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys. Ware and sherbourne give an extended description of the origins of the sf36 and of its links with the other mos instruments 1. The quadruple visual analogue scale pdf this adobe acrobat. A low backspecific version of the sf36 physical functioning. Demographic and socioeconomic variables key points introduction the sf36 is a standardised. The short form 36 health survey is a 36item, patientreported survey of patient health. There is considerable evidence for the validity of the sf 36 in a variety of populations including ms. Vickrey et al, 1995 in vickreys study, the physical functioning and role limitations due to physical problems subscales were the ones that best discriminated between ms patients and the. The sf36 includes one multiitem scale that assesses eight health concepts.
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